Insimbi ye-silicon, eyingxenye ebalulekile yezwe lanamuhla, iyinto yamakhemikhali enokwehlukahlukana okumangalisayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okusabalele kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene.Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ziyenza ibe yinto ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa okuningi, kusukela kogesi kuya kokwakhiwa nangale kwalokho.Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwensimbi ye-silicon kanye nomthelela enawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.
I-silicon yensimbi, efanekiselwa u-Si ku-periodic table, i-grey, i-crystalline solid etholakala ku-silica, inhlanganisela evame ukutholakala esihlabathini.Inezici eziningana eziphawulekayo ezifaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kabanzi.Okokuqala, i-silicon metal iyi-semiconductor enhle kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ingaqhuba ugesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Le ndawo iyisisekelo sendima yayo evelele embonini yezogesi.
Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ze-silicon metal isekukhiqizweni kwama-semiconductors namasekethe ahlanganisiwe.Le mishini emincane ye-elekthronikhi inika amandla ububanzi obubanzi bobuchwepheshe besimanje, okuhlanganisa ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha, amathelevishini, nokunye.Insimbi ye-silicon isetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-wafer okwakhiwa kuwo la masekethi, asebenza njenge-substrate yezingxenye zikagesi ezintekenteke.Ukuchichima kwayo, ukufinyeleleka kwayo, kanye nezakhiwo zikagesi ezinokwethenjelwa zikwenze kwaba yizinto ezikhethwayo ekukhiqizeni ama-semiconductor.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon metal idlala indima ebalulekile kumaseli elanga e-photovoltaic (PV), aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi.Amaphaneli elanga ngokuvamile asebenzisa amaseli e-PV asekelwe ku-silicon ukuze athwebule futhi aguqule amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi asebenzisekayo.Ikhono le-silicon lokumunca ama-photon kahle futhi likhiqize ukushaja kagesi liyenze yaba into ehamba phambili embonini yelanga.Njengoba isidingo semithombo yamandla ahlanzekile nevuselelekayo siqhubeka sikhula, iminikelo ye-silicon kubuchwepheshe be-solar cell izohlala ibalulekile.
Ngaphandle kombuso we-electronics namandla, i-silicon metal nayo ithola indawo yayo embonini yezokwakha.Ngendlela yama-silicones, okuyizinhlanganisela zokwenziwa ezitholakala ku-silicon, isebenza njengesithako esiyinhloko kuma-sealants, ama-adhesives, nama-coatings.Ama-Silicone anikeza ukumelana okukhethekile kumswakama, izinga lokushisa elidlulele, kanye nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali.Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wokwakha ukuze akhe ama-seal angangeni manzi, avikele izindawo ezingaphezulu, futhi athuthukise ukuqina.Ama-Silicone aphinde athole izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini zezimoto, ze-aerospace, nezimboni zezokwelapha ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo nokuthembeka.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuphawulekayo kwensimbi ye-silicon ekukhiqizeniama-alloys e-aluminium.Uma ihlanganiswa ne-aluminium, i-silicon ithuthukisa amandla engxubevange, ukuqina, nokungagqwali.Lokhu kuyenza ibe inketho efanelekile yezingxenye zokukhiqiza emikhakheni yezimoto, i-aerospace, neyokwakha.Ama-alloys e-aluminium-silicon asetshenziswa kumabhulokhi enjini, amakhanda angamasilinda, amaphistoni, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezidinga izinto ezingasindi kodwa eziqinile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon metal isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.I-silica, etholakala ku-silicon, iyingxenye eyinhloko yengilazi.Indawo yayo ephezulu yokuncibilika, ukunwebeka okushisayo okuphansi, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokubona kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni amafasitela, izibuko, amalensi, neminye imikhiqizo eminingi yengilazi.Ama-silicone, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, athola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezimbonini kusukela kwezindwangu kuya emikhiqizweni yokunakekela umuntu.
Sengiphetha, izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ze-silicon metal ziye zayiqhubezela ukuba ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yezwe lethu lanamuhla.Kusukela ekunikezeni amandla imishini yethu kagesi kuya ekusebenziseni amandla elanga, ukuguquguquka kwe-silicon kubonakala ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekukhiqizeni ama-semiconductor, ubuchwepheshe be-solar cell, ukwakhiwa, nokukhiqizwa kwe-alloy kubonisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwayo.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi nomphakathi wamukela imikhuba esimeme, i-silicon metal ngokungangabazeki izoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-06-2023